Enharmonics
On a piano, the black keys are enharmonic. Each enharmonic note can be represented by two different notations: one makes use of a sharp and the other makes use of a flat. Note the use of naturals in the 2nd diagram to cancel sharps and flats within the same measure. Use of sharps, flats and naturals is important in music -- and as in the 2nd example, there is more than one way to display written music. In large part, how music is displayed largely depends upon the key signature used.
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